上海国际海事信息与文献网

来源：Hellenic Shipping News 2021-05-08

翻译：国际海事信息网 赵扬捷 黄子倩 张运鸿

         由于市场需求还没有回升，不足以提供充足的发展势头，所以油轮市场仍然相当不景气。在考察西北欧原油出口贸易时，船舶经纪人班切罗·科斯塔（Banchero Costa）在最新的一份报告中提到：“尽管油轮市场因浮仓需求增加而得到一些缓冲，但总体上来说，2020年对原油贸易是非常不利的一年。根据数据提供商路孚特（Refinitiv）提供的船舶跟踪数据显示，2020年，油轮总装载量为20.27亿吨，同比下降了5.6%。一些原油出口国受到的影响比其他国家更大。2020年沙特阿拉伯的原油出口量为3.577亿吨，同比下降了3.2%。阿拉伯湾其他地区的出口量为4.943亿吨，同比下降了9.3%”。       

      

        该船舶经纪人补充道，“2020年来自俄罗斯的海运量达到1.939亿吨，同比下降了13.9%。西北欧（即挪威和英国）是为数不多的出口量达到正增长的地区之一。挪威和英国的原油运输量在2020年达到1.321亿吨，同比上一年增长了11.1%，涨势明显，因为2019年只增长了1.7%。在2020年，挪威和英国合计占全球海运原油出口的6.5%。其中第一季度，西北欧出口了3340万吨原油，同比增长了13.2%。第二个季度增长非常强劲，达到了3270万吨，增长了16.2%。到第三季度出口量略有下降，跌至3100万吨，但仍增长了6.2%。第四季度为3500万吨，增长了9.1%。

 

        班切罗·科斯塔（Banchero Costa）又说道，“2021年第一季度的出口量为3340万吨，与2020年同期（非常强劲）相比下降0.1%，几乎完全持平。两国之间的出口几乎完全是分开的。去年，挪威原油装载量达到6670万吨，而英国为6540万吨。挪威和英国原油出口的贸易模式往往倾向于短途运输。在2020年，大约27.5%的货物（3620万吨）区域性运往挪威/英国的其他港口（主要是从海上平台到岸上码头），而后有时候又会被转运到更远的地方，但并非总是如此”。

 

     

        该船舶经纪人总结说：“实际上挪威和英国原油的主要出口地是欧洲大陆。2020年，共6290万吨（总量的47.7%）被运往欧盟的27个国家，其中包括荷兰（2490万吨），瑞典（1250万吨），德国（980万吨）和法国（360万吨）。与去年相比，运往欧盟27国的原油运输量增加了6.7%。也许更令人惊讶的是，2020年挪威和英国总出口量中高达15.1%（即1990万吨）流向了中国大陆。因此出口中国的运输量同比激增了31.8%。另外，2.9%的出口（即390万吨）被运往韩国。2.2%（即290万吨）被运往东南亚”。

 

       （本文版权归国际海事信息网所有，图片版权归原作者，转载请注明出处。）

 

Tanker Trade Still Underwhelming

The tanker market is still rather underwhelming, as demand hasn’t yet rebounded to a level, sufficient to generate positive momentum. Examining North-West Europe crude oil export trade, shipbroker Banchero Costa said in a recent report that “2020 was overall a very negative year for crude oil trade, although of course the tanker market was partially shielded by the increased demand for floating storage. Total loadings in the 12 months of 2020 were down -5.6% year-on-year to 2027 million tonnes, according to vessels tracking data from Refinitiv. Some exporters were more affected than others. Crude shipments from Saudi Arabia went down by -3.2% y-o-y in 2020 to 357.7 mln tonnes. Exports from the rest of the Arabian Gulf went down by -9.3% y-o-y to 494.3 mln tonnes”.

The shipbroker added that “seaborne volumes from Russia went down by -13.9% y-o-y in 2020 to 193.9 mln tonnes. One of the few areas which saw actually positive growth in exports was North West Europe, i.e. Norway and the United Kingdom. Crude oil shipments from Norway and the United Kingdom still managed to increase by +11.1% y-oy in 2020 to 132.1 mln tonnes, which was a significant acceleration as growth was just +1.7% y-o-y in 2019. Norway and the UK combined accounted for 6.5% of global seaborne crude oil exports in 2020. In the first 3 months of 2020, North West Europe exported 33.4 mln tonnes of crude oil, up +13.2% y-o-y. The second quarter of 2020 saw shipments of 32.7 mln tonnes from North West Europe, up a very strong +16.2% y-o-y. In the third quarter, exports declined marginally to 31.0 mln tonnes, which was still up +6.2% y-o-y. The fourth quarter of 2020 saw 35.0 mln tonnes, up +9.1% on a year-onyear basis.

Banchero Costa added that “exports in the first quarter of 2021 were 33.4 mln tonnes, which was almost perfectly flat -0.1% y-o-y on the same (very strong) three-month period of 2020. Exports are almost perfectly split between the two countries. Last year, 66.7 mln tonnes were loaded in Norway, and 65.4 mln tonnes were loaded in the United Kingdom. Trade patterns for Norwegian and British crude exports tend to be fairly short haul. About 27.5% of shipments, or 36.2 mln tonnes in 2020, are regional to other Norway/UK ports (mostly from offshore platforms to shore terminals), from where sometimes, but by no means always, they get reshipped to further destinations”.

“The main destination for Norwegian and British crude oil is actually Continental Europe. In 2020, a total of 62.9 mln tonnes, or 47.7% of the total, was shipped to the European Union (27). This included the Netherlands (24.9 mln tonnes, Sweden (12.5 mln tonnes), Germany (9.8 mln tonnes), France (3.6 mln tonnes). In 2020, shipments to the EU27 increased by +6.7% y-o-y. Perhaps surprisingly, as much as 15.1% of total shipments from Norway and the UK, or 19.9 mln tonnes in 2020, goes all the way to Mainland China. Shipments to China surged by +31.8% y-o-y in 2020. Also, 2.9% of exports, or 3.9 mln tonnes in 2020, were shipped to South Korea. 2.2%, or 2.9 mln tonnes in 2020, was shipped to South East Asia”, the shipbroker concluded.